Head of the Nanocatalysts based on metal-organic compounds laboratory at Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry, Azerbaijan
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The world community is actively switching to renewable and alternative energy sources, aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, NOx, SOx) by 60% by 2050. Currently, replacing fossil fuels with climate-neutral fuels is one of the urgent tasks of modern civilization in order to reduce CO2 emissions in the future energy system. In this context, hydrogen is considered a promising energy source that can reduce the impact on the environment. Although hydrogen can be obtained from various sources, it is important that the production and consumption cycle avoids new carbon emissions. This trend requires the development of low-carbon technologies for the production of hydrogen from both fossil fuels and renewable resources. Currently, the most common industrial method for producing hydrogen is steam methane reforming, which, however, generates significant CO₂ emissions. Pyrolysis of natural gas is a well-known technical process used to obtain, for example, black carbon. In the near future, it can contribute to the production of hydrogen without carbon emissions. Methane pyrolysis produces only hydrogen and solid carbon. This report presents the results of studies on direct catalytic pyrolysis of methane, the effect of pyrolysis conditions on the phase composition and distribution of active components in the structure of catalysts, and their charge composition. The results highlight the importance of periodic monitoring of the catalyst composition and structure under operating conditions. Regular monitoring allows early detection of problems such as degradation or contaminations, which allows timely adjustments to maintain and optimize catalyst performance, the current status of natural gas pyrolysis process development is reviewed, and an attempt is made to assess the level of possible technologies. Keywords: hydrogen production, natural gas, methane, catalytic pyrolysis
References: [1] Wei S., Sacchi R., Tukker A., Suhd S. and Steubing B. Energy Environ. Sci., 17, 2157-2172 (2024) [2] Weidner T., Tulus V. and Guille´n-Gosa´lbez G. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 48, 8310–8327 (2023)
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